Answers to Exercise 18

In the first reaction, a proton is transferred from the acid HNO₃ to the base OH^- to make NO₃^- and H₂O.

HNO₃ + OH^- NO₃^- + H₂O

In the second, a proton is transferred form the acid HCl to the base NH₃ to make Cl^- and NH₄^+.

HCl + NH₃ Cl^- + NH₄⁺

In the third, a proton is transferred from the acid H₂CO₃ to the base H₂O to make HCO₃^- and H₃O⁺. If you said that two protons are transferred from H₂CO₃ to two water molecules to make CO₃^2- , that is all right at this time. We will take up that issue in a couple of weeks.

H₂CO₃ + H₂O HCO₃^- + H₃O⁺
or
H₂CO₃ + 2 H₂O CO₃^2- + 2 H₃O⁺

In the fourth, a proton is transferred from the acid HBr to the base OH^- to make Br^- and H₂O.

HBr + OH^- Br ^- + H₂O

In the fifth, a proton is transferred from the acid H₂O to the base NH₃ to make NH₄⁺ and OH^-.

H₂O + NH₃ NH₄⁺ + OH^-

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E-mail instructor: Sue Eggling